Four-cycle gas engine



Oct 6, 1925.

1. .4 n .4. e.A Ou

INVENTORa `J. KONAR FOUR-CYCLE; GAS ENGINE Flled March 18. 1922 Patented Oct. 6,' 1925.

PATENT OFFICE.

UNITED STATES' Joan-Konan, or omc-neo, ILLINOIS. f

rena-cilena -eAs ENGINE."

pplieatiou filed March 18, 1922. Serial No; 544,935,

To all wlwm z't cof/wem: y Be it 'known that I, JOHN lxoNAii, a citizen4 of the United States, residing at'Chicago, county of Cook, and State of Illinois,

, upperend ofthe cylinder and the ob'eets of my invention are, first, to 'give a w irling motion to tlie'incoin'in'g'charge; second, to thoroughly cleanse the cylindersof car-l bon; third, to' heat the less volatile fuel particles of the new charge by `tlieburnt -charge without heating thewh'ole charge;

fourth, to4 -foree the' 'incoming charge through a curved passageway' 'so'that'the heavier .portions of the saineare forced.,` against .a heated wall; lifth, to provide the fuel intake withhelically. slantingl screw blades to turn land volatize the'charge;

sixth, to` provide ineans for feeding -air into'.

the cylindei to form a ,thin lilm `of aii adjacent the inner walls of the cylinder; seventh, to cool the interior olf the cylinder and the piston head with air or water and 'derive additional power from such cooling without 'additional cost; eighth, to make a. coni-bined gas and hot air engine; ninth, to niake a ,coinbined gas and ste-ani engine;

tenth, to economize in fuel and niake a more'- (-.licient engine and other features to become apparent frein the description to follow.

ln the. operation of -four-cycle gas engines it is very desirable. to liaveihe combustible charge. thoroughly mixed. to completely clean the cylinder of unburnedcarbon, to iiiake use oi" the exhaust heat, to thoroughly volatize the il'uel of the incoming charge, to cool the. cylinder fil-oui within, to utilize the expanding hot air to assist pusliingjhe pistonand to utilize the formation of steam to increase the pressure on the piston, and the use of my invention.embodies all these desirable features. l

To describe my invention so that others versed in theart to which it pertains canmake and use the saine, I have illustrated it on the accompanying sheet of drawing forming a part of this specification m `whieh:- e

Figure 1, is a central `vertical sectional view through a. cylinder f anfengine cninear the end ofthe intake stroke; Fig. 2, is a cross sectional view taken on line 2-2 of.- Fig. 1, looking down; Fig. 3, is a detail sectional View taken on line 3-3 of Fig. 2; Fig.' 4, is a detail sectional view taken on line 4--4 of Fig. 2; and Fig. 5, is a cros's sectional view taken on line 5 5 of Fig. '1, looking down.

acters refer to similar parts throughout the Similar reference charseveral views.

""lVithin the cylinder 1.4 -is lit-tedl to slide.

linthe usualinanner the piston 23 connected to the crank shaft not vshown and which in l.tui-'ii' has the usual operating connectionsy witlitlievalve io'd 20 shown adjacent .the cylinder and having its upper end pivotally4 connected to' one end of therocker-ai'm 18 pivotally'connected midway its length to a suitable'bracket 19. vAs clearly shown in Fig. l, the .frce'end of arm 18 engages the upper end of the stein of the'intake puppet v :ilve 15 opening inwardly into the cylinder and controlling -the annular vent e of the intake port ll; a suitable arm 26 secured on valve'rod 20 is arranged to engage'the lower end. of the stem of valve 4, which `controls aii auxiliary intake port, and a sec' ond suitable ai'in 43 secured on valve rod 20 is arranged to operate the valve 4l which conti'olsuirintake port at the lower end of the cylinder.

I prefer to make the upper end of the bore of the cylinder 1l with a flaring enlargement as .shown at 24 and to make the removable upper end of the cylinder to cinbody the exhaust valve and port and the intake valve and port together with its associated overhead throat and novel fuel passage. The longitudinal axis of the intake .valve l5 preferably coincides with the longitudinal axis of the cylinder 1l as indicated by thedotted line 1--1 so that the incoming fuell charge which enters in a whirling stream will contact with the valve disc and be distributed to all sides of the cylinder equally in a whirling fashion. l

'lo give the incoming fuel charge a whirling,r inotion I provide in the annular vent e three helically slanting screw vblades a, b,

and je, which partly overlap one another to foi-iii the passageways ol, as seen iii Fig. 3, between then'i. The bladesl a, b, and c will become heated by their close proximity to the hot intake valve 15 and will cut turn and volatize the continent fuel mixture in thin slices whereby an increased quantity of heavier and less volatile portions of the fuel wilt contact with the hot blades and .be volatized toa greater degree, and 'again when the sliced charge passes against the hot valve disc the heavier particles will 4con- 'tact with the same and be completely volatized. This whirling motion given to the 'charge as it enters the cylinder and the piston 23 draws away from' the Acylinder charge becomes thoroughly mixed and atom- WISE ized by a rapid centrifugal'dissipation Jfrom the vorte'i'rneck into the space of thevacuuin created undenthe valve 15 as indicated in Fig.` 1, by the'zig-zag lines. The vacuum is intensitiedtby the centrifugal action of the whirling charge.

I prefer to furnislra fuel passage in connectionjwith the intake to pre-volatizethe Afuel of the chargeesp'ecially when a heavy grade of fuel is used, which passage 13 connected to the intake 11 'by theintermediate scroll shaped passage 12 which v causes the incoming fuel to pass around in a clockdirection as viewed in Fig. 2. Asseen in Figs. 1 and 2, the exhaust passage 22 is provided in the cylinder head 10 adjacent to the passage'llwith a wall 21 between-them. As the fuel charge is drawn in through passages 13 and .12 and the intake 11 the heavien particles are forcedto fly tangentially by udjacentthe intake-11 'non-clockwise direction.

"volatized. In Figs. land 2, I have indicatet abutteriy valve at' gland a small their momentumA against the wall 21 as indicated by smalll irregular circles in Figs. 1 and 2. The wall 21 is heated by the passing exhaust gases and such contact with this hot wall will tend to volatize such particles. As the fuel charge passes along in the scroll passage 12 and-to the intake 11 it is given a whirling motion clock-wise and as it passes downwardly. through the tween the screwblades. c, b, and c, the direc-` tion of its whirling motion is reversed to a Such reversal of rotation of the fuel charge increases the turbulence of the fuel mixture and forces all the heavier particles of the charge to be precipitated onto the blades a, b-,and c, in Figs. 1 and 2, and thus as indicated by `small .dots be thoroughly orifice in the lowerv wall of. passage.- 13.,at .throng 'whicha ljet ofkeroseneorgsifmilar- Ieaf'vy may be supplied.'"T h lccatin forjthespa'r The e haust valvejih a stem passing up through a guide 36 and has .the saine arrows, whereabout they" ldrawings I show Gon the ,left side.'

upward vpast thel valve Seat l cylinder and traveling intake 11 and be hot upper vsurfaces' of the' h 6 through the openings 9 and 9 respective --thel cylinder which airinto the: cyll;

its upper end operatively engaged by the end of an arm open the valve 35 during the exhaust period against the tension of a spring .provided to normally hold the valve in a closedzposition. The stern of valve 15 passes up through a guide 16 and a suitablespring is interposed between the top of the cylinder head and a collar 17 secured to the valve stern, to normally hold the valve 15 in a losed position.'

For the purpose of forming a thin film of air adjacent and the top surface of tlepiston head and enveloping the fuel charge within-thecylinder with air during vits whirling action.,

d thereby serving the three-fold ..purposepofcooling the interior ofthe cylinder, pre

37 which is properly timed to the inner wall of the cylinder venting theaccuinulationof carbon on tho- .interior of the cylinder and avoiding incan' descent s pots on the interior ofthe cylinder; I provide one or more air inlet valves at the upper end of the cylinder andnearthe peripheral edge of the intak'e valve 15., intake passage of such air inlet 'valves'is made on such tangent` cylinder wall with the curve of the. that the air thus lentering` will be given a "whirling motion in the same dij` rection as the two such as the piston moves downward. The air from the valve 4 iis-'prevented .from passing around clockwise in the cylinder' because of '.100 dis opened'f'by means above described. .'The. Y.' below 'fthe' valveA 27, Fig. 2, thence sses downward as fast the abrupt shoulder 28 formed on the'onel (see Fig: 2), and similarly through "valve ,6 1is presideI of the. same, the air. coming 1nA cylinder because 4of the. corner `111et32 (ynf' vented from passing around clockwise in`thel1 one sideof the same and whoseend 33 'reg'- visters withthe edge o f the valve opening; -"y

The air entrance for the valve 6-is shownat 1.20 I

29, Fig. 2. To increase the cooling eifect on inder when the piston has' nearly reached the .end of its outward orldownwardstroke.

l the interior ofthe cylinder I may supply@- Smau iet 0f. Water at the air valves 4 and The exit of this inlet into the cylinder is made on a tangent as shown in Fig. 5, at \39, so that the air thus admitted will also `take awhirling motion inthe cylinder in anon- -clockwise direction' thus ssisti in the cooling of the interior of thel cylin erv and-providing a thick air filler near the periphery" of the piston head, whereby leakage' of fuel and the setting of carbon'faround the piston is prevented.A The air-thus admitted is controlled by a suitable valve 41 mounted in the boss 42 integral withthev cylinder 14. The valve 41 'is operativelyconnected to the y' valve rod bymeans of the: lug 43. which issecured-to the rod-20 and engages abifurcated arm extending from the valve 41,

so. that the valve 41jvis' opened fand closed'at the proper `time.. `A small inletl 9-"2for'water is provided in theboss 42 which-is also con- `trolled by the valve 41.- `Water mayor may' I iotbe 'admitted in the p0rts9, 9 ".and 9; l

- In the designshown 'ia ehearawingif will be noted that the.. exhaust -valve j 35 'is cause of. rupturing .thefair' eny'elope .around ing; "therefore l.to' "correct "ith .-operation; starting withsthe Y' ias-ain practically at the' end of its outward stroke as showniifFig. 1K,` the';cycle""of movement. will be a's follows: "lhe'intkevalves '15,

movesin to compress the'charge; ignition takes place; the piston lf'move's'outwardon its .power stroke; exhaust valve 35 opens .and the piston 1 moves inward on itsjex- 4haust or scavengiiig'-st1'oke; the exhaust valve 35 closes andthe intake valves 15, 6 and 4 open; the piston 1 moves outward ion its suction stroke and the combustible charge is drawn through portI 13,1 curvecl passageway 12 and'through intake. l1 between the lielically slantingrscrew blades a, b, and c, while' incombustible air or jwater vapor is drawn 1n through valves 4 and 6 and finally through valve 41; During the V entire movement of the piston loutward.

on its suclionlstroke the incombustible air or moisture envelope w1ll lhug the walls of the cylinder while circulating round 'and round and contacting with the end of the piston '1 will rush toward the center above the piston headto twist upward into the vortexof the combustible charge while the combustible charge will circle round and rou. just within the layerof -air and. travel in the form of` a rotating cylinder extending downward :behind the piston,

toward the' center of the cylinder vas shown in Fig. 5, and then twirl upward striking Athe aircushion on top of the piston end. and thence rush scroll fashion with thev air. into a common vortex to tliorouhlymixv therewithandto fill thc o'ffthe whirling charge and by the outward moving .piston. The air or vapor is indii`vacuum v:created bythe centrifugal action cated by the plain arrows, the combustible charge is indicated'by the one side feathered arro\vs,'tl1e intermingled niixture is indicatedbythe irregular zig-zag lines and the residual products of combustion'or vburnt gasesfare indicated by the small crescent 1f .5i":byybendingv arrows.; The-base offthe r"o ,tatingwcylinder of fuel mixture withl .inner -in'x of vresidual f gas land with its 1' I ily-absorbed by-the turbulentvortex"'ofthe fuelfmixture inthe-vacuum above the mid unten-coating. ofl airis continuously undergoin-ga' `very thorough mixing when filling: the inner interiorl of,l rthe cylinder, -while at. the-endiofwthe intake' stroke only the outer.

charge and adherent tothe inner 'metallic cylinder wall and to the vpiston head remains free, of fuclgand in an incombustible condition to protect the cylinder Wall against overheating and against carbon seti i ting.' e.

The piston uncovers near the end yof its crankward stroke the valved air inlet port 39 which is'tangrentially disposed to the inner periphery-of the cylinder to admit a circular filler of air around the piston head, as shown in Fig. 5, by short dott-cd lines. This-same cycle of movement is repeated continuously. Thus by a layer-of air the interior ofthe cylinder is kept clean and is coolcd'during every cycle and the leakage 'of fuel into the crank case is prevented.

While all three -air inlet ports, 4, 6, and` 39 may be adapted in combination 'with one gas engine, also either one of the air ports economy and a 'particular-purpose.

en air alone 1s admitted at-valves 4,1

Amaybe used singly to advantage to suit- 6, and 41 the engine practically becomes a 125 combined Vgas and hot air engine, because asthe air envelope is taken into the cylinder it is cool and when heated during tiring of the combustible charge the vair .expands underthe rising temperatureV and creates a 100 thin` layepof air arbunfi uw cylindrical fuer a pressure withinl the cylinder. W'heni water vapor is taken in at the valves 4, 6 aiid'vll' the engine lpractically becomes a combined charge and is heated gas and steam engine, becausea moisture envelope is thereby formed around the fuel l by the fire of the 'charge anl `s converted into steam, thus producingr a iressure within the cylinder. Since'the inconibustible air or vapor prac-l tically lills the peripheral corner at the piston he'ad there will heno .leakage of 4fuel during the compression stroke.- f,

arrangements of the parts 5 .ltwillbe understood that the-form and may be changed without in the. least dcparting' froni the 'scope ofniy invention.

Having thus fully described my. invention what. I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United-States isz- 1. -In a four-cycle gasl engine inconibination, a cylinder, a movable piston therein',

' a cylinder head having an o verhead'throat with a.. combined ,fuel passage and intake tlierein, an annular vent below `said rintake' J and 'closed by a puppet intake valve opening 'inwardly yinto said cylinder, and a' plurality of lielicall 'slanting sciewjblades located in said annu r 'ventand thereby placed] near the intake valve to'absorb,heat'therefroiii.' J

. 2. :In ayfourcycle 'gas engine in .combination'a cy1inder',a movableipiston therein,

' a' cylinder'head `having an overhead throat with a. combined fuel passageand .intake intake-valve opening 1 passing fuel mixture,

therein, an annular vent closedby a puppet inwardly into said cylinder, means at-said intake to bend-.the

near the. eriphery ofthe cylinder whereby .a layer o air ma be provided between the fuel mixture wit iin the cylinder and. the wall of the cylinder, a. valve -rod to operate the intake valve from a crank shaft of the jpuppetfvalve opening inwardly into said .air between the fuel mixture within the cyld cylinder V'within t cylinder.

a va-lved air inlet port 'engine, and means with said valve rod to actuate thevalve of said airinlet port'.

4. Ina four-cycle gas engine in combination, a cylinder, a. movable piston therein, la cylinder head havingan overhead throat with a. combined fuel passage and intake therein, an annular vent closed by an intake pu pet-valve opening inwardly ,into said cy luder, means for turning thefuel mixture 'clockwise through the passage-wa and other means forE reversing the cloc ise turned fuel mixture into a. counter-clockwise turning through said annular vent.

5. In a four-cycle gas engine in combina tion, a cylinder, a movable piston therein, a cylinder head having. an overhead throat.

`with a combined fuel passaoeand intake therein, an annular vent close by an'intake cylinder, a curvated surface at said intake to bend the passing fuel mixture into a turning motion within the cylinder walll and other means for providing a thin layer of in dcr andL the wall of the cylindenl 6. 1n. a four-cycle gas engine in combination, a cylinder, a movable piston therein, a cylinder head having an overhead throat with a combined fuel passageand intake therein, an annular vent closed by an intake puppet-valve opening inwardly into said. cyliiider,.ineans at said intake to bend thev4 passing .fuelmixture towards the cylinder wall and a valved auxiliary port arranged lon a tangentto the inner'periphery of the .may be plrovided between thejfuel' mixture e cylinder and: the wall ofthe 7. In a' four-cycle gas engine in combination, a cylinder, a movable piston therein, a cylinder headhaving an' overhead fuel passage, an annular vent closed by an intake piippet valve.opening inwardly linto said cylinder, a puppet exhaust valve with a casing adjoining the wall of said fuel passage` to heat said wall by theI exhaust gases, said wall having a scroll fashion bend around the upper margin of said annular vent for thetwo-fold function of bending the passing fuel mixture over the entire hot wall and of turning the fuel mixture into 'a rotary nootion for a more. uniform absorption of the fuel vapor.. l

JOHN Konan.

A' .i ab

wall-vwliereby a thin layer of air 

